张艺谋的电影《活着》是余华同名小说的改编。这是一部以富贵生活为题材的充满政治意味的电影。在影片中，主人公富贵在人生的风风雨雨中起伏不定，在1940年代至1970年代的风云变幻的中国，他的家庭宅邸，父母，儿子和女儿遭受了损失。富贵人的生活经历了不同的历史时期，包括中国内战，与地主的斗争，大跃进和文化大革命等，都具有强大的政治影响力。我们可以从富贵的坚持和勇气中学到很多东西，就像电影放映一样。但是，在这些困难和对手的挑战下，富贵及其家人面临的困境以及随后的反应，这表明富贵的家人是卷入政治运动动荡的平民百姓的缩影。因此，这部电影具有讽刺意味的是，政治权威试图增强国家权力并改善普通百姓的生活条件，但使人民失望，甚至使情况恶化。
曾经统治着国家的社会制度基础设施被掩埋，导致了巨大的动荡，平民百姓的信念被扭曲，以致与其他国家一样贫穷。共产党在中国内战中上台后，富贵回到家，与贾镇及其子女团聚。富贵应征入国民党军队后，共产党政府帮助贾镇找到一份工作，为白开水服务。在中国共产党政府的领导下，人民似乎过上了良好的生活。然而，福桂目睹龙儿因被指控为房东而被拒绝执行死因，并拒绝放弃豪宅并将其烧毁（他通过赌博从福桂中获胜）后，他非常害怕，有朝一日这会发生在他身上，因为他曾经是真正的房东。当镇长说富贵的家庭宅邸的木头很好，大火持续了三天时，富贵迅速而紧张地回答说，这不是他家人的木头，而是反革命主义者的木头，试图衰败。与房东级别的任何联系。嘉贞还挂断了富桂参加革命的证书，希望它能保护他们，即使他从未真正为革命奋斗过。对于朗格和富贵，他们的社会阶层取决于他们的赌博。富贵在赌博中失去了家庭豪宅，成为了贫穷的农民，并且在与地主的斗争中保持了头脑。由于运气好，朗格获胜并获得了富贵的家族豪宅。但是，朗格被视为土地所有者，由共产主义政府开枪射击。穷人是安全的，而富人应该死。
Zhang Yimou’s film To Live is an adaption of Yu Hua’s novel of the same name. It is a film full of political implications under the description of the life of Fugui. In the film, Fugui, the main character, experiences ups and downs in life and suffers the loss of his family mansion, parents, son, and daughter in the erratic era from 1940s to 1970s in China. Fugui lives his life through various historical periods with strong political influences, including the Chinese Civil War, battle against the landowner, the Great Leap Forward, and Cultural Revolution. We could certainly learn a lot from the persistence and courage of Fugui to live on as the film shows. However, beneath those difficulties and adversaries Fugui and his family face and their subsequent reactions, it suggests that Fugui’s family is a miniature of the common people involved in the turbulence of political movements. Thus, the film shows an irony that political authority attempts to strengthen the national power and to improve living conditions of common people but fail the people and even made it worse.The infrastructure of social system that used to rule the country was buried and lead to huge unrest and the belief of common people are distorted to aim to be as poor as others. After the Communist Party took power in the Chinese Civil War, Fugui returns home and reunites with Jiazhen and their children. The communist government helps Jiazhen find a job to serve boiled water, when Fugui is conscripted to the KMT army. Under the leadership of the Chinese communist government, it seems the people start making a good living. However, after Fugui witnesses Long’er being executed because he was accused to be a landlord and refused to give out the mansion and burned it, which he won from Fugui by gambling, he is so scared that this could happen to him someday because he used to be the real landlord. When the head of the town says that the wood of Fugui’s family mansion is so good that the fire last for three days, and Fugui replies quickly and nervously that it’s not the wood of his family but the wood of anti-revolutionists, trying to decline any connections to the class of landlords. Jiazhen also hangs up Fugui’s certificate of participating in the revolution, hoping it could protect them, even though he has never truly fought for the revolution willingly. For Long’er and Fugui, their social classes are decided by their gamble. Fugui loses his family mansion in gambling and becomes poor peasant, and keeps his head above ground in the battle against landowner. Due to good luck, Long’er wins and gets Fugui’s family mansion. However, Long’er is considered as a landowner and shot by the communist government. Poor people are safe, while the rich people should die.
孔子说，什么折磨人的不平等，而不是劳动力短缺，什么啃他们的灵魂是混乱的，而不是贫穷。它在电影中很好地适用。新中国成立初期，人们主张穷人越多越好。农民家庭的财产远远超过富裕或知识分子家庭的财产。就像赌博一样，穷人赢了，富人和租来的人却输了。社会金字塔是颠倒的。福贵因贫穷而感到荣幸。同时，富贵挣扎着收支平衡，从黎明到黄昏努力工作。他的孩子尤清和凤霞必须承担家庭负担，从小就无法良好的睡眠。地主被击败了，但是富贵和一些贫穷的农民仍然生活在痛苦中，充满了共产主义的幻想。
大跃进的目的是建立一个发达的平等的社会与共产主义社会的强烈的幻想，但最后破坏，加重人民的生活条件。福贵是一个勤奋负责的人，与他以前的花花公子完全不同。响应共产党政府的号召，富贵在贡献自己的努力为国家积极作为，他拿出他家所有的铁制工具。除了富贵，每个家庭都捐出任何含铁的东西。没有锅碗瓢盆，人们进入人民公社并在头几年享受平等主义。牛先生告诉富贵和贾镇，共产党政府为他们做饭，他们每天都可以饱肚子。平等主义强调每个民族之间的平均分配，却忽略了世界上没有绝对平等的事实。福贵和其他城镇居民为平等主义付出了沉重的代价。他们必须日夜制造钢铁，以达到每年生产1070万吨铁的目标，这在中国1950年代是不可能的。每个人都非常疲倦，包括富贵的儿子尤庆。他命令困又青参加总监的欢迎仪式在学校，因为他害怕被抛在后面，如果有清不存在。在学校里，睡眠不足的右庆继续在墙边睡觉，忘了吃饺子。在隔离墙的另一侧，区长春生由于疲劳而撞入隔离墙。游情被压在墙下，成为大跃进革命的牺牲品。
Confucius said that what tortures people is inequality rather than scarcity of labor forces, what gnaws their souls is chaos instead of poverty. It applies well in the film. In the early years of New China, people advocate that the poorer the better. The property of peasant family is far superior to that of the rich or intellectual family. Like gambling, poor people win and rich people and leared people lose. The pyramid of society is upside down. Fugui feels honored because of poverty. At the same time, Fugui struggles to make ends meet and works from dawn to dusk. His children, Youqing and Fengxia have to bear the family burden and cannot have a good sleep since childhood. The landowners are defeated, but Fugui and some poor peasants still lives in misery with a fantasy of communism.The Great Leap Forward aims to establish a developed and equal society with strong fantasy of communistic society, but finally disrupts and aggravates people’s living conditions. Fugui has been hardworking and responsible man, totally different from the dandy he used to be. Responding to the call of the communist government, Fugui is active in contributing his own efforts to the country as he takes out all iron-made tools in his family. Besides Fugui, every family donates anything containing iron. Without pots and pans, people enter the People’s Commune and enjoy the equalitarianism in the first few years. Mr. Niu tells Fugui and Jiazhen that the communist government cooks for them and they can have a full stomach every day. The equalitarianism emphasizes the average distribution between every people but neglects the facts that there is no absolute equality in the world. Fugui and other town people pay a heavy price for the equalitarianism. They are required to make steel day and night to reach the goal of 10.7 million tones steel production per year, which is impossible in 1950s of China. Everyone is so tired, including Youqing, the son of Fugui. He orders sleepy Youqing to participate the welcome ceremony of the district governor at school because he is afraid of being left behind if Youqing is absent. In the school, sleep-deprived Youqing continues to sleep on the side of a wall and forgets eating the dumplings. On the other side of the wall, the district governor, Chunsheng, drives into the wall due to fatigue. Youqing is crushed under the wall and becomes the sacrifice of the Great Leap Revolution.
大跃进的目标更加注重数量，违反了生产原则，破坏了人们的正常生活习惯和生活方式。在某种程度上，无序的生活导致了右庆的死亡。此外，当所有人都盲目炼钢时，一些社会生产活动就会被忽略。我们可以想象政府仅靠制造钢铁就能支持人民。大跃进革命导致中国社会生产力的落后。在电影的结尾，我们可以发现富贵和贾镇仍然靠着热水和面条吃，这比米饭便宜。
文化大革命以解放思想的旗帜操纵人们的思想，迫害知识分子和学者，这间接导致了凤霞的死亡。在影片中，皮影戏套件成为不适当的主题，这可能给富贵和他的家人带来麻烦。为了遵守毛主席的话，并确保自己的安全，富贵要求他的女儿凤霞烧掉那些过去被视为反动的代表皇帝和皇后的木偶。皮影戏多次挽救了福贵的生命，对福贵来说意义重大。福贵有能力用皮影戏来振作起来，这意味着皮影戏在人们的精神生活中起着重要的作用。尽管如此，共产党政府仍将这一传统视为灾难，并说服人们完全相信毛的话。焚烧皮影戏旨在控制人们的思想，并无形中囚禁人们。此外，在凤霞的婚礼上，人们找不到喜庆的红色，只有毛主席。结婚礼物是毛的话，毛的徽章和毛的照片。凤霞和二喜身着绿色军服，婚礼上的音乐被革命性的歌曲所取代。共产党政府限制人民的行为，以增强毛泽东思想的影响力。知识分子的迫害将毛泽东的思想推向了极致。凤霞在医院分娩时，医院是由经验不足的护士红卫兵占领的。经验丰富的医生被关在牛棚里，在那里他们在身体和精神上受到压迫。面对凤霞产后流血，护士们无能为力。尽管王医生具有专业知识，但他当时无法拯救风霞，因为他受到红卫兵的严重折磨并变得麻木。文革杀死了富贵和嘉贞的独生子凤霞。埃尔西隶属于红卫兵是荒谬的。凤霞之死是富贵和嘉贞的最后一击。他们没有什么可失去的，因为他们已经失去了政治运动中的一切。
在《活着》中，张艺谋利用富贵的生活来鼓励人们在严峻的意外情况下继续生活，并保持积极积极的态度来寻找生活方式。但是要更深入地思考影片中带下划线的笔录，这是对共产主义政府的荒谬政策的无声抱怨。当政治势力试图干扰百姓的正常生活时，往往会导致更糟糕的结果。共产党成立了中华民国，旨在给中国人民带来新的更好的生活。虽然一系列政治运动只会破坏和平生活，并阻碍社会发展。在与土地所有者的斗争中，共产主义政府决定了人民在贫富上的社会阶级，这导致了对贫困和人民悲惨生活的提倡。大跃进革命错误地评估了中国的生产力，使人民的生活状况恶化，并导致右庆的死亡。共产主义领导人企图通过摆脱传统并在文化大革命中关押知识分子来控制人民的思想。如果没有“文化大革命”，凤霞可以挽救。没有强烈的政治干预，富贵的生活会更好。
The goal of the Great Leap Forward pays more attention to quantity and violates the production principle, disrupting people’s normal routines and patterns of living. To some extent, the disordered life leads to the death of Youqing. Besides, some social productive activities are ignored when all people are making steel blindly. We can just imagine how a government can support the people depending merely on making steel. The Great Leap Revolution causes the lagging productivity of Chinese society. In the end of the film, we can find that Fugui and Jiazhen still live on delivering hot water and eat noodles, which is cheaper than rice.Under the banner of emancipating minds, Cultural Revolution manipulates people’s minds and persecutes intellectuals and scholars, which indirectly leads to Fengxia’s death. In the film, the shadow puppet kit becomes an inappropriate subject, which could bring Fugui and his family trouble. To follow Chairman Mao’s words, and to keep themselves safe, Fugui asks his daughter, Fengxia, to burn those puppets representing emperors and queens in the past, who are considered as reactionary. The shadow puppets save Fugui’s life several times and mean a great deal for Fugui. Fugui has the ability to cheer people up with shadow puppets, which implies that shadow puppets play an important role in people’s spiritual life. Nevertheless, the communist government regards this tradition as disaster and persuades people to believe solely in Mao’s words. Burning the shadow puppet aims to control people’s minds and imprison the people invisibly. Furthermore, in Fengxia’s wedding, people cannot find festive red, but Chair Mao. The wedding gifts are Mao’s words, Mao’s badges, and Mao’s photos. Fengxia and Er’xi are in green army uniforms and the wedding music is replaced by revolutionary songs. The communist government restricts people’s behaviors to strengthen the influence of Mao’s thoughts. The persecution of intellectuals pushes Mao’s thoughts to the extreme. When Fengxia gives birth in the hospital, the hospital is occupied by the Red Guards, who are inexperience nurses. The seasoned doctors are imprisoned in the cowshed, where they are oppressed physically and spiritually. Faced with Fengxia’s postpartum bleed, the nurses can do nothing to help Fengxia. Although Doctor Wang has professional knowledge, he has no ability to save Fengxia at that time because he is tormented seriously by the Red Guards and becomes numb. The Cultural Revolution kills Fengxia, the only child of Fugui and Jiazhen. It is ridiculous that Erxi belongs to a member of the Red Guards. The death of Fengxia is the last blow for Fugui and Jiazhen. They have nothing to lose, because they have lost everything in the political movement.
In To Live, Zhang Yimou takes use of Fugui’s life to encourage people to live on under severe unexpected circumstances and stay positive to find a way to live. But to think deeper of the underlined transcripts in the film, it is silent complaint about the absurd policies of the communist government. When the political power tries to interfere with the normal life of common people, it often causes a worse result. The Communist Party established the People’s Republic of China aims to bring new and better life to Chinese people. While a series of political movements only disrupt the peaceful life and obstruct of social development. In the battle against the landowner, the communist government decides people’s social classes on the rich and poor, which leads to the advocating of poverty and people’s miserable life. The Great Leap Revolution evaluates the productive power of China mistakenly, worsens people’s living condition, and causes the death of Youqing. The communist leaders attempt to control the people’s minds through getting rid of the tradition, and imprisoning the intellectuals in the Cultural Revolution. Fengxia could be saved if there is no Cultural Revolution. The life of Fugui could be better without the strong political interference.
关键词：网课代修；代写essay
